Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Latest Articles    
Latest articles Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment

Assessment of the site amplifications and predominant site periods for Saruhanlı, in an earthquake-prone region of Turkey

Online Date: Mon, 01 Mar 2010 18:08:35 GMT

Abstract  
An earthquake-resistant design should include the effect of local site conditions on the seismic ground motions. In this study, ground response analyses in 22 locations around the developing town of Saruhanlı in the Aegean Region of Turkey were undertaken using SHAKE software. The ground response analyses for a typical soil profile considered various modulus reduction and damping curves including effective confining stress and a plasticity index dependent model. The confining stress-dependent soil models and shear-wave velocity profile resulted in higher amplification ratios and lower predominant periods. High acceleration ratios (>3) and lower predominant site periods were found in the eastern part of the site such that buildings of ten or more storeys would be severely damaged.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-010-0263-5
  • Authors
    • Nihat Sinan Işık, Gazi University Construction Department, Technical Education Faculty Ankara Turkey
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The Kano–Kazaure highway, north central Nigeria: the significance of the engineering geology in construction

Online Date: Thu, 04 Feb 2010 18:11:44 GMT

Abstract  Kano–Kazaure highway traverses granitic rock with minor occurrences of metasediments and fine sandy deposits. The soil profiles were studied to determine their suitability in the proposed dualization of the highway route as part of the Trans-Sahara international highway construction project. The soils derived from the granitic rocks are well graded, with a high maximum dry density and low optimum moisture content. The soils derived from the schistose and quartzite zone are also suitable for road base and sub-base but the transported loose silty fine sand/sandy silty soils of the Chad Formation are only limited suitability.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0256-4
  • Authors
    • Charles Chuka Osadebe, Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute P.M.B. 1055 Ota Ogun State Nigeria
    • Babatunde Moruf Salami, Obafemi Awolowo University Department of Geology Ile-Ife Nigeria
    • Stephen Ewoma Obrike, Nigeria Building and Road Research Institute P.M.B. 1055 Ota Ogun State Nigeria
    • Muqadas Olatunbosun Ajala, Row Dot Nig. Ltd Lagos Nigeria
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Effect of nonlinearity on site response and ground motion due to earthquake excitation

Online Date: Mon, 25 Jan 2010 19:48:03 GMT

Abstract  Ground motions under earthquake loading are influenced by the local soil conditions, but the non-linearity of the soil behavior makes it difficult to estimate the site response. The paper reports a non-linear analysis developed to elucidate the effect of non-linearity on site response, illustrating its applicability with reference to a petroleum storage tank site subjected to earthquake excitation.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0254-6
  • Authors
    • Haydar Arslan, University of Colorado Boulder USA
    • Bilge Siyahi, Gebze Institute and Technology Gebze Turkey
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Geostructural and geognostic survey for a stability analysis of the calcareous cliff of Ispica (Hyblean plateau, southeastern Sicily)

Online Date: Fri, 22 Jan 2010 03:02:04 GMT

Abstract  The paper reports a geostructural and geognostic survey to evaluate the stability conditions of the highly fractured calcareous cliff where the Monastery of the “Frati Minori” of Ispica is located. A large number of fractures affect the whole cliff, resulting in dangerous conditions. In addition to a careful inspection of the slope to measure the structural discontinuities and identify rock blocks larger than 1 m3, cored boreholes were extended to a depth of 30 m. The rock quality designation indicated that the rock quality varies from poor to fairly good. In this steep, vegetated area, the use of different investigation methods was necessary to determine the physical, mechanical and geometric parameters necessary to plan the remedial works and measures to reduce the risk of rocks falling.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0257-3
  • Authors
    • S. Imposa, University of Catania Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche C.so Italia, 57 95129 Catania Italy
    • M. Corrao, Geocheck Srl, Gravina di Catania (CT) Catania Italy
    • F. Barone, University of Catania Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche C.so Italia, 57 95129 Catania Italy
    • G. Coco, Geocheck Srl, Gravina di Catania (CT) Catania Italy
    • R. Occhipinti, Verticalia S.a.s. Ragusa Italy
    • P. Mozzicato, University of Catania Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche C.so Italia, 57 95129 Catania Italy
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On the geology and the geotechnical properties of pyroclastic flow deposits of the Colli Albani

Online Date: Tue, 19 Jan 2010 17:43:13 GMT

Abstract  This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation into the engineering geology properties of three pyroclastic deposits from the Colli Albani volcanic complex, typical of the subsoil of Rome (Italy). In their natural state, these materials are coarse-grained weak rocks, generally unsaturated in situ. The mechanical properties of the material are related to the geological origin of the deposits, their formation environment and mechanisms. These are also revealed by peculiar micro-structural features. A technical sheet for the description and classification of these deposits is proposed in the paper. The experimental investigation consisted mainly of identification and classification tests, one-dimensional compression and direct shear tests on saturated and dry samples. Due to their nature, non standard techniques had to be developed for sample preparation and testing. The main findings on compressibility, shear strength and creep properties of the materials are presented in the paper. Special attention is given to the definition of the failure envelope at relatively low confining stress and to the assessment of the influence of saturation on shear strength parameters.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0250-x
  • Authors
    • Manuela Cecconi, University of Perugia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Perugia Italy
    • Maurizio Scarapazzi, Geoplanning S.r.l. Rome Italy
    • Giulia M. B. Viggiani, University of Roma Tor Vergata Department of Civil Engineering Rome Italy
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Assessment of potential slope failure sites at Mt. Can-abag, Guinsaugon, Philippines, based on stratigraphy and rock strength

Online Date: Fri, 08 Jan 2010 21:38:55 GMT

Abstract  Geological mapping was undertaken to determine the stratigraphy and potential landslide sites along Mt. Can-abag in St. Bernard, Philippines, where a disastrous landslide occurred in February 2006. The area is underlain by a sequence of NW- to SW-dipping breccias, sandstones and mudstones, with andesite intrusions. The low permeability of the mudstones, which form an aquiclude and hence confined aquifers, results in the build-up of pore pressures. Although the strata dip into the hillside, the fault-created discontinuities mean that the NE-facing slope of Mt. Can-abag is prone to wedge failures.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0253-7
  • Authors
    • Krestabelle M. Futalan, University of the Philippines-Diliman National Institute of Geological Sciences 1101 Diliman Quezon City Philippines
    • John Ronald D. Biscaro, University of the Philippines-Diliman National Institute of Geological Sciences 1101 Diliman Quezon City Philippines
    • Ricarido M. Saturay, University of the Philippines-Diliman National Institute of Geological Sciences 1101 Diliman Quezon City Philippines
    • Sandra G. Catane, University of the Philippines-Diliman National Institute of Geological Sciences 1101 Diliman Quezon City Philippines
    • Melezra S. Amora, University of the Philippines-Diliman National Institute of Geological Sciences 1101 Diliman Quezon City Philippines
    • Emmanuelle L. Villaflor, University of the Philippines-Diliman National Institute of Geological Sciences 1101 Diliman Quezon City Philippines
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Risk assessment based selection of rock TBM for adverse geological conditions using Fuzzy-AHP

Online Date: Fri, 08 Jan 2010 09:09:32 GMT

Abstract  Uncertainty in geological and geotechnical parameters is inevitable as it is never possible to accurately determine every aspect of the ground conditions along the tunnel alignment during site investigations. As a consequence, there are many potential sources of geotechnical risk in both mechanized and conventional tunneling techniques. Problems such as encountering crushed and fault zones with running gouge, tunnel face and wall instabilities in blocky ground, large quantities of water inflow and converging tunnel sections are the principal geotechnical risks which affect the selection of an appropriate tunnel boring machine. The paper discusses the use of a fuzzy analytical hierarchy process as an efficient means of decision-making, which can take into account the different criteria pertinent to proper machine selection for anticipated ground conditions.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0260-8
  • Authors
    • Jafar Khademi Hamidi, Amirkabir University of Technology Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Hafez 424 P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
    • Kourosh Shahriar, Amirkabir University of Technology Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Hafez 424 P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
    • Bahram Rezai, Amirkabir University of Technology Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Hafez 424 P.O. Box 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
    • Jamal Rostami, Pennsylvania State University Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering University Park PA USA
    • Hadi Bejari, Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr Member of Young Researchers Club Ghaemshahr Iran
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Analyses of stability and support design for a diversion tunnel at the Kapikaya dam site, Turkey

Online Date: Fri, 08 Jan 2010 09:09:26 GMT

Abstract  This paper presents the engineering geological properties and support design for a diversion tunnel through diabase at the Kapikaya dam site, eastern Turkey. The rock mass rating and rock mass index were used to determine the support requirements, which were also analyzed using commercial software based on the finite element method. The parameters calculated by the empirical methods were used as input parameters for the FEM analysis and the results from the two methods were compared. It was found that the optimum solution was obtained by using a combination of both empirical and numerical approaches.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0258-2
  • Authors
    • Zulfu Gurocak, Firat University Geological Engineering Department 23119 Elazig Turkey
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Lineament mapping and its application in landslide hazard assessment: a review

Online Date: Fri, 08 Jan 2010 09:09:26 GMT

Abstract  This paper presents an overview of the use of lineaments in landslide hazard mapping. The lineaments are normally derived either from aerial photographs or satellite imagery. The relative advantages and disadvantages of digital image processing and manual (visual) lineament interpretation are discussed. Most researchers prefer the manual technique, despite the fact it is more time-consuming and subjective, as it allows a higher degree of operator control. Ways of increasing objectivity in the interpretation are suggested. It is hoped that lineament mapping will increasingly be incorporated in landslide hazard assessment hence the paper emphasizes the need for care and a proper understanding of these methods and their limitations.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0255-5
  • Authors
    • M. F. Ramli, Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies 43400 Serdang Malaysia
    • N. Yusof, Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies 43400 Serdang Malaysia
    • M. K. Yusoff, Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies 43400 Serdang Malaysia
    • H. Juahir, Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Studies 43400 Serdang Malaysia
    • H. Z. M. Shafri, Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 43400 Serdang Malaysia
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Modeling the slake durability index using regression analysis, artificial neural networks and adaptive neuro-fuzzy methods

Online Date: Thu, 07 Jan 2010 22:21:39 GMT

Abstract  Clay bearing, weathered and other weak rocks cause major problems in engineering practice due to their interactions with water. The slake durability index (I d2) is an important tool used to assess the resistance of these rocks to erosion and degradation, but sample preparation for this test is tedious. The paper reports an attempt to define I d2 through statistical models using other parameters that are simpler to obtain. The main objective of this study was to define the best empirical relationship between the I d2 and the point load strength index (I s(50)), dry unit weight (γ d) and fractal dimension (D) parameters of eight rock types by applying general multiple linear regression (GLM), artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS). The models obtained were evaluated using the R 2, MSE, MARE and d parameters. The results indicate that the relationships between I d2 and γ d, I s(50) and D were best obtained using ANN, followed by GLM and ANFIS. It is concluded that ANN modelling is a fast and practical method of establishing I d2.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0259-1
  • Authors
    • Ersin Kolay, Bozok University Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Yozgat Turkey
    • Kamil Kayabali, Ankara University Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Ankara Turkey
    • Yuksel Tasdemir, Bozok University Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Yozgat Turkey
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Predicting excavation methods and rock support: a case study from the Himalayan region of India

Online Date: Thu, 07 Jan 2010 22:21:39 GMT

Abstract  The Tapovan Vishnugad hydropower project (4 × 130 MW) in the Himalayan region of India, has been used as a case study to compare the problems and cost-effectiveness of a TBM or drill and blast excavation of the headrace tunnel and to assess the rock support measures for the powerhouse cavern. The NTH time and cost prognosis model indicated that the TBM would give a better weekly advance rate and unit excavation cost for the headrace tunnel. The Phase 2 finite element numerical modeling tool and the Hoek–Brown failure criterion were used to analyse the stresses and displacements likely to be experienced in the underground excavations. The rock support determined was compared with that indicated using the Q-method. The work has shown that numerical modeling can prove very useful in supplementing the results, provided the input parameters are accurate and take into account both direct measurements and judgment based on experience of the actual ground conditions.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0252-8
  • Authors
    • Sharad Chandra, NTNU Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering S. Sælands v 1 7491 Trondheim Norway
    • Bjørn Nilsen, NTNU Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering S. Sælands v 1 7491 Trondheim Norway
    • Ming Lu, SINTEF Building and Infrastructure Trondheim Norway
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Physical and mechanical characterization of phyllites and metagreywackes in central Portugal

Online Date: Thu, 07 Jan 2010 22:21:33 GMT

Abstract  This work defines the physical and mechanical characteristics of phyllites and metagreywackes belonging to a schist–greywacke complex in central Portugal. The index properties, point load strength, uniaxial compressive strength, slake durability and Schmidt rebound hardness were determined. In general, the metagreywackes gave a higher strength than phyllites with the same weathering degree. Possible correlations and estimation models were established and compared with the equations obtained by different researchers.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0251-9
  • Authors
    • Pedro Santarém Andrade, University of Coimbra Department of Earth Sciences Coimbra Portugal
    • António Almeida Saraiva, University of Coimbra Department of Earth Sciences Coimbra Portugal
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Reply to discussion by J. N. Hutchinson on the paper “Property attribution of 3D geological models in the Thames Gateway, London: new ways of visualising geo-scientific information”

Online Date: Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:17:22 GMT

Reply to discussion by J. N. Hutchinson on the paper “Property attribution of 3D geological models in the Thames Gateway, London: new ways of visualising geo-scientific information”

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Reply
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0244-8
  • Authors
    • K. R. Royse, Kingsley Dunham Centre British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham UK
    • D. C. Entwisle, Kingsley Dunham Centre British Geological Survey Keyworth Nottingham UK
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Discussion on the paper entitled “Property attribution of 3D geological models in the Thames Gateway, London: new ways of visualizing geoscientific information” doi:10.1007/s10064-008-0171-0

Online Date: Sat, 12 Dec 2009 14:17:22 GMT

Discussion on the paper entitled “Property attribution of 3D geological models in the Thames Gateway, London: new ways of visualizing geoscientific information” doi:10.1007/s10064-008-0171-0

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Discussion
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0236-8
  • Authors
    • J. N. Hutchinson, 21 Arterry Road London SW20 8AF UK
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Preparation of land use planning model using GIS based on AHP: case study Adana-Turkey

Online Date: Thu, 12 Nov 2009 20:11:26 GMT

Abstract  An environmental and earthquake sensitive planning approach requires a suitability evaluation based upon geo-environmental analysis before the planning phase. In land use evaluation analysis the local data from different disciplines must be synthesized as the priority and importance of the geo environmental criteria change according to the use of the site. Geographical information systems (GIS) using multiple criteria methods allow the determination of priorities and the importance of local/non-local data for the most efficient use of land. In this study six land use categories of Adana, one of the most earthquake prone provinces of Turkey, were determined by the use of an analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and GSI. These are high rise blocks, multi storey buildings, low storey buildings, industrial sites, waste disposal sites and green land.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0247-5
  • Authors
    • Sule Tudes, Gazi Universitesi, Muhendislik Mimarlik Fakultesi Sehir ve Bölge Planlama Bolumu 06570 Maltepe Ankara Turkey
    • Nazan Duygu Yigiter, Haymana Yolu 12. km 06830 Golbasi Ankara Turkey
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Hydro-mechanical features of landslide reactivation in weak clayey rock masses

Online Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2009 18:00:18 GMT

Abstract  In the northern Apennines, four representative large and deep seated landslides affecting weak rock masses have been studied before, during and after reactivation events. Semi-continuous and continuous monitoring in the 2004–2006 period included the dormancy, reactivation and suspension phases, allowing some comments to be put forward as regards the hydro-mechanical conditions that drive the reactivations. The data have highlighted the interactions between groundwater and displacement rates in different sections of the slope.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0249-3
  • Authors
    • Francesco Ronchetti, Modena and Reggio Emilia University Department of Earth Sciences Modena Italy
    • Lisa Borgatti, Bologna University Department of Structural, Transport, Hydraulic, Survey and Territorial Engineering DISTART Bologna Italy
    • Federico Cervi, Modena and Reggio Emilia University Department of Earth Sciences Modena Italy
    • Alessandro Corsini, Modena and Reggio Emilia University Department of Earth Sciences Modena Italy
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The determination of the mineralogical alteration index and the investigation of the efficiency of the hydrothermal alteration on physico-mechanical properties in volcanic rocks from Köprülü, Afyonkarahisar, West Turkey

Online Date: Thu, 15 Oct 2009 17:54:54 GMT

Abstract  The study considers the hydrothermal alteration of the volcanic rocks in the Köprülü region (western Turkey). Four alteration zones related to hydrothermal solutions have been determined: unaltered/fresh (UZ), altered (AZ), ferrous (FZ) and ferrous and manganese (FMZ). The distribution of the zones is closely related to the fracture/fault pattern. In addition to microscopic examination and X-ray diffraction, the physico-mechanical properties of the samples were established. A positive correlation was found between the mineralogical alteration index, water absorption and apparent porosity. However, there is an inverse relationship between uniaxial compressive strength and mineralogical alteration index (MI). The good correlation (r 2 = 0.822) between MI and strength ratio (Rs) indicates that MI can be a useful tool in determining the alteration degree of volcanic rocks, which has an important effect on their use in the construction industry.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0245-7
  • Authors
    • Ahmet Yıldız, Afyon Kocatepe University Mining Engineering Department 03200 A.N.Sezer Kampüsü Afyonkarahisar Turkey
    • Mustafa Kuşcu, Suleyman Demirel University Geological Engineering Department 32260 Çünür Isparta Turkey
    • İbrahim Dumlupunar, Afyon Kocatepe University Mining Engineering Department 03200 A.N.Sezer Kampüsü Afyonkarahisar Turkey
    • A. Ekrem Arıtan, Afyon Kocatepe University Mining Engineering Department 03200 A.N.Sezer Kampüsü Afyonkarahisar Turkey
    • Metin Bağcı, Afyon Kocatepe University Vocational School of İscehisar İscehisar Afyonkarahisar Turkey
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Significance of saturated clays seams for the stability of rainfall-induced landslides

Online Date: Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:07:32 GMT

Abstract  This paper reviews the analyses of several slope failures in Japan associated with clay seams and assesses the significance of ground water level. Constant-volume shear box tests were used to obtain the strength parameters. The research considered the significance of capillary forces in the clay mass in the development of a laboratory-established cohesion. It was concluded that the laboratory-obtained apparent cohesion may not be applicable in actual site conditions and that a more realistic value can be obtained using submerged/saturated samples in the constant-volume direct shear test. The practical implications of this are demonstrated with a review of the Guinsaugon rockslide, South Leyte, Philippines.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0246-6
  • Authors
    • Hideki Ohta, Chuo University Tokyo Japan
    • Thirapong Pipatpongsa, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
    • Sokbil Heng, Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
    • Seiya Yokota, Nippon Expressway Research Institute Tokyo Japan
    • Masaru Takemoto, Nippon Expressway Research Institute Tokyo Japan
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Correlation of standard penetration test and pressuremeter data: a case study from Istanbul, Turkey

Online Date: Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:07:29 GMT

Abstract  In this study, correlations were obtained between standard penetration test (SPT) and pressuremeter data measured during an extensive geotechnical investigation conducted in Istanbul, Turkey. In this context, SPT blow counts (N) were correlated with pressuremeter modulus (E PMT) and limit pressure (p L). Empirical equations were proposed to estimate limit pressure from pressuremeter modulus, and E PMT/p L ratios were calculated and evaluated. An attempt was also made to correlate limit pressure to undrained shear strength (s u) measured by unconfined compression strength test. Correlations were carried out for sandy and clayey soils separately. The quantity (total of 182) and quality of the data (use of same equipment and procedures during data acquisition in a well defined geological setting) mean the obtained correlations may be valuable for similar soils. It is anticipated that the correlations obtained may help designers in evaluating, comparing, interpreting or cross checking the soil parameters obtained from these two important in situ tests.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0248-4
  • Authors
    • Ilknur Bozbey, Istanbul University Civil Engineering Department Avcilar 34320 Istanbul Turkey
    • Ergun Togrol, Istanbul University Civil Engineering Department Avcilar 34320 Istanbul Turkey
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Deformation mechanism of a shallow double-arch tunnel in a sloping rock mass

Online Date: Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:42:19 GMT

Abstract  The Fuxi double arch tunnel was constructed through a faulted rock mass of metasandstones overlain by slope debris. The paper describes the geological setting, highlighting the poor quality of the ground in the portal area. Following the construction of the exploratory tunnels, the concentrated overburden stress beneath the pillars caused severe deformation and cracking in the tunnel and in the slope above. An integrated analysis was carried out, taking into account the change in stress related to the excavation of the tunnels, the asymmetric pressures and the nature of the fractured overburden. This indicated that control of the tunnel vault deformation was a key step to controlling the deformation of the whole portal area. As a consequence, some additional support was provided to the central pillar prior to the construction of the main tunnels and the secondary lining was installed at an early stage.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0240-z
  • Authors
    • Huang Runqiu, Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
    • Xiao Huabo, Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
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An alternative rock mass classification system for rock slopes

Online Date: Thu, 24 Sep 2009 16:42:19 GMT

Abstract  A system for the quantification of the failure hazard of rock cuttings structured in the form of rating tables is proposed. Rock cuttings are classified according to their failure hazard taking into account both their drained condition and the influence that climatic conditions have on stability; the latter being the most common landslide-triggering factor. The system deals with seven types of failure including slides, topples and falls. Where possible and convenient, parameters are amalgamated using well-established expressions of safety factor increasing the objectivity of the system. In addition to triggering mechanisms, site-specific parameters related to the mean and critical precipitation height, as well as the potential for the development of adverse, water-related conditions are taken into account to arrive at a Hazard Index value.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0241-y
  • Authors
    • Lysandros Pantelidis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Civil Engineering Thessaloniki Greece
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Safety assessment of abandoned tailings ponds: an example from Kirki mines, Greece

Online Date: Thu, 24 Sep 2009 05:48:05 GMT

Abstract  At the abandoned hydrometallurgy plant at the Kirki mines, Greece, numerous tailings ponds have been left without adequate consideration for their potential for failure or contamination of the ground water. The paper presents the geotechnical study undertaken to assess the factor of safety of the embankments against sliding and proposes measures to isolate the tailings ponds from the environment and to protect them from potential erosion whilst enhancing the aesthetic environment.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0243-9
  • Authors
    • C. Loupasakis, Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration Engineering Geology Department Olympic Village, Thrakomacedones 13677 Athens Greece
    • G. Konstantopoulou, Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploration Engineering Geology Department Olympic Village, Thrakomacedones 13677 Athens Greece
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Effect of grain crushing and bedding plane inclination on Aqaba sand behavior

Online Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2009 16:06:23 GMT

Abstract  This paper reports an experimental investigation into the inherent anisotropy and particle breakage of natural Aqaba sand. The natural sand specimens were subjected to one dimensional compression to induce breakage. The grain size distributions of the specimens were obtained before and after the application of the stresses. Thereafter, the sand shear strength parameters were assessed using direct shear box tests. The results indicate that peak shear strength parameters show little decrease with increasing particle breakage. However, the dilatancy component of the shear strength diminishes with increasing particle breakage and a considerable amount of dilation occurs on samples with a higher bedding plane, regardless of the extent of particle breakage.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0238-6
  • Authors
    • Omar Al Hattamleh, The Hashemite University Civil Engineering Department E3016 Engineering Building P.O. Box 150459 Zarqa 13115 Jordan
    • Faisal AlShalabi, The Hashemite University Civil Engineering Department E3016 Engineering Building P.O. Box 150459 Zarqa 13115 Jordan
    • Husam Al Qablan, The Hashemite University Civil Engineering Department E3016 Engineering Building P.O. Box 150459 Zarqa 13115 Jordan
    • Taleb Al-Rousan, The Hashemite University Civil Engineering Department E3016 Engineering Building P.O. Box 150459 Zarqa 13115 Jordan
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Field studies of the effectiveness of dynamic compaction in coastal reclamation areas

Online Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2009 16:06:19 GMT

Abstract  The paper reports a study into the dynamic compaction of very coarse grained material placed over soft clays in a coastal reclamation area. It was found that higher energy levels are more effective than low impact energy levels, which can result in ground heave between impact points. Spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) tests and plate load tests confirmed the effect of the dynamic compaction extended to at least 10 m, with no obvious weak layers identified. Following dynamic compaction, the allowable bearing capacity was >120 kPa.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0242-x
  • Authors
    • Shi-Jin Feng, Tongji University Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering Si Ping Road 1239 200092 Shanghai China
    • Wei-Hou Shui, Shanghai Shenyuan Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd 200011 Shanghai China
    • Li-Ya Gao, Tongji University Tongke College 200092 Shanghai China
    • Li-Jun He, Shanghai Shenyuan Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd 200011 Shanghai China
    • Ke Tan, Tongji University Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Geotechnical Engineering Si Ping Road 1239 200092 Shanghai China
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Estimation of Atterberg limits and bulk mass density of an expansive soil from P-wave velocity measurements

Online Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2009 16:06:14 GMT

Abstract  This brief technical note reports the relationship between P-wave velocity and the Atterberg limits and bulk mass density of an expansive soil from the Derince region of Turkey. Reasonably good correlations were found, which were improved when the relationship was between P-wave velocity divided by water content.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Technical Note
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0237-7
  • Authors
    • Cengiz Kurtulus, Kocaeli University Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Engineering 41030 Kocaeli Turkey
    • Fadime Sertcelik, Kocaeli University Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Engineering 41030 Kocaeli Turkey
    • M. Mucella Canbay, Kocaeli University Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Engineering 41030 Kocaeli Turkey
    • İbrahim Sertcelik, Kocaeli University Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Engineering 41030 Kocaeli Turkey
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Contamination potential of tar sand exploitation in the western Niger-Delta of Nigeria: baseline studies

Online Date: Mon, 21 Sep 2009 16:06:12 GMT

Abstract  Exploitation of the tar sands in Ondo State in the Niger Delta is likely to result in some environmental contamination and adversely affect the living conditions of the farmers and fishermen in the area. Three wells were established where samples were taken at 1, 2 and 3 m depth. Although no hydrocarbon contamination was detected in the water from the surface and boreholes, saline intrusion was recorded. This study produces a baseline against which future contamination can be monitored so that preventative measures can be taken to mitigate the effects.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0239-5
  • Authors
    • Oluwapelumi O. Ojuri, Federal University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering Akure Ondo State Nigeria
    • Samuel A. Ola, Federal University of Technology Department of Civil Engineering Akure Ondo State Nigeria
    • David L. Rudolph, University of Waterloo Department of Earth Sciences Waterloo ON Cananda
    • Jim F. Barker, University of Waterloo Department of Earth Sciences Waterloo ON Cananda
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Centrifuge modeling of a geogrid-reinforced embankment with lime-stabilized soil as backfill on soft soil

Online Date: Thu, 03 Sep 2009 05:58:03 GMT

Abstract  A centrifugal model test was performed to investigate the behavior of a geogrid-reinforced embankment on a 20 m thick soft silty clay subsoil. The lime-stabilized soil embankment was 4 m high, 26 m wide with slopes of 1:1.5 and included sand wick drains. Displacements, earth pressures and pore water pressures were measured during the test. Test results showed settlement on the front face of the foundation was approximately 90% of that measured by displacement sensors; the elastic displacement was approximately 11% of the total displacement; and the reinforced embankment remained serviceable despite a 300 mm wide crack on the embankment surface and up to 1.73 m settlement at the centerline of the embankment.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0231-0
  • Authors
    • Jian-Feng Chen, Tongji University Department of Geotechnical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education 200092 Shanghai China
    • Song-Bo Yu, Tongji University Department of Geotechnical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Geotechnical & Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education 200092 Shanghai China
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A simple approach to 3D geological modelling and visualization

Online Date: Fri, 21 Aug 2009 17:01:28 GMT

Abstract  3D geological modeling has become one of the most reliable and effective means of displaying geological structures, but most commercial software products for 3D geological modeling need special techniques and much pre-processing work as well as being expensive and complicated to operate. In this paper, a simple approach to building a 3D geological model is proposed, integrating such popular software packages as 3D Studio Max (3DSMax), ArcGIS, and Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). The approach can be used to build accurate 3D geological structures and to model stratigraphy at almost any level of complexity. Moreover, the resulting model can be operated interactively, including zooming in or out, rotating and moving. The paper demonstrates how this new approach can be a very effective method for 3D geological modeling.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0233-y
  • Authors
    • Wang Baojun, Earth Science Department of Nanjing University 22 Hankou Road 210093 Nanjing China
    • Shi Bin, Earth Science Department of Nanjing University 22 Hankou Road 210093 Nanjing China
    • Song Zhen, Earth Science Department of Nanjing University 22 Hankou Road 210093 Nanjing China
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Rainfall thresholding and susceptibility assessment of rainfall-induced landslides: application to landslide management in St Thomas, Jamaica

Online Date: Fri, 21 Aug 2009 15:29:24 GMT

Abstract  The parish of St Thomas has one of the highest densities of landslides in Jamaica, which impacts the residents, local economy and the built and natural environment. These landslides result from a combination of steep slopes, faulting, heavy rainfall and the presence of highly weathered volcanics, sandstones, limestones and sandstone/shale series and are particularly prevalent during the hurricane season (June–November). The paper reports a study of the rainfall thresholds and landslide susceptibility assessment to assist the prediction, mitigation and management of slope instability in landslide-prone areas of the parish.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0232-z
  • Authors
    • Servel Miller, University of Chester Department of Geography and Development Studies Parkgate Road Chester CH1 3JD UK
    • Tim Brewer, Cranfield University Cranfield UK
    • Norman Harris, Department of Mines and Geology Kingston Jamaica
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Excavatability assessment of rock masses using the Geological Strength Index (GSI)

Online Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 22:54:01 GMT

Abstract  In the present study a new classification method for the assessment of ease of excavation of rock masses is proposed, based on the Geological Strength Index and the point load strength of the intact rock. The data originate from excavation sites in Greece in sedimentary and metamorphic rock masses. A wide variety of rock structures were considered, ranging from blocky to disintegrated, and different excavation methods have been used (blasting, hydraulic breaking, ripping and digging). The proposed method cannot be applied to heterogeneous rock masses and soft rocks/hard soils.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0235-9
  • Authors
    • G. Tsiambaos, National Technical University of Athens Geotechnical Engineering Department, School of Civil Engineering 9 Iroon Polytechniou str. 157 80 Athens Greece
    • H. Saroglou, National Technical University of Athens Geotechnical Engineering Department, School of Civil Engineering 9 Iroon Polytechniou str. 157 80 Athens Greece
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Groundwater quality assessment of Dhanbad district, Jharkhand, India

Online Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 22:53:50 GMT

Abstract  Groundwater quality assessment is important to ensure sustainable safe use of water. However describing the overall water quality in the Dhanbad coal mining area of India is difficult due to the spatial variability of multiple contaminants and wide range of indicators that could be measured. An attempt has been made to study the spatial variation of groundwater quality based on an integrated analysis of physico-chemical parameters and use of Geographic Information System (GIS). Using GIS contouring methods with Arcview 3.2a, spatial distribution maps of Hardness, pH, TDS, HCO3, SO4, NO3, Ca, Mg, Cl, and F have been created. From the Water Quality Index map it is inferred that despite the mining and heavy industry, the quality of water is predominantly good to excellent.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0234-x
  • Authors
    • Rima Chatterjee, Indian School of Mines University Department of Applied Geophysics Dhanbad 826004 India
    • Gourab Tarafder, Indian School of Mines University Department of Applied Geophysics Dhanbad 826004 India
    • Suman Paul, Indian School of Mines University Department of Applied Geophysics Dhanbad 826004 India
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Prediction of earthquake damage to urban water distribution systems: a case study for Denizli, Turkey

Online Date: Tue, 18 Aug 2009 22:53:39 GMT

Abstract  Prediction of damage to water supply lines during an earthquake is a critical part of seismic planning. This study evaluates the performance of the water supply system in Denizli, Turkey, in the event of an M6, M6.3, M6.5 and M7 earthquake associated with the Pamukkale and Karakova-Akhan Faults. The relative effects of transient ground deformations and permanent ground deformations based on maps of liquefiable soil and zones of predicted lateral ground displacements are compared. The relative effects of the different magnitude earthquakes and pipeline damage relationships on the pipeline performance following a seismic event are assessed.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0230-1
  • Authors
    • Selcuk Toprak, Pamukkale University Civil Engineering Department Kinikli Campus 20070 Denizli Turkey
    • Filiz Taskin, Turkiye Sinai Kalkinma Bank (TSKB) Appraisal Section Izmir Turkey
    • A. Cem Koc, Pamukkale University Civil Engineering Department Kinikli Campus 20070 Denizli Turkey
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Néotectonique et grands mouvements de versant. Le cas de Séchilienne (Isère, France)

Online Date: Mon, 27 Jul 2009 21:55:58 GMT

Résumé  Les mouvements de versant observés à Séchilienne, dont les vitesses sont globalement dépendantes de la pluviométrie, sont essentiellement dus à la décompression du massif rocheux responsable de l’ouverture de discontinuités héritées d’une histoire tectonique régionale complexe. Il arrive cependant que des accélérations se produisent indépendamment du taux de précipitations mesuré. L’analyse détaillée d’une de ces anomalies de comportement, enregistrée en février 1999, a permis de soupçonner l’implication du séisme de Laffrey du 11 janvier 1999. La sollicitation mécanique provoquée par ce séisme, dont l’épicentre n’était distant du massif instable que de quatre kilomètres, pourrait également être à l’origine du changement pérenne du régime du mouvement à partir de cette date. Les indices de néotectonique dans la vallée de la Romanche, tels que le pull-apart de Séchilienne, à remplissage quaternaire, et les éboulements récurrents sur la faille de la Romanche, qui passe en pied de versant, avaient déjà permis d’envisager un rôle partiel de l’activité sismique dans le déclenchement ou l’accentuation des instabilités observées.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0221-2
  • Authors
    • Pierre Pothérat, CETE de Lyon 25 avenue François Mitterrand 69500 Bron Cedex France
    • Laurent Effendiantz, CETE de Lyon 25 avenue François Mitterrand 69500 Bron Cedex France
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Engineering geological evaluation of reconstruction sites following the Wenchuan earthquake

Online Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 08:24:31 GMT

Abstract  Site selection and risk assessment are extremely important aspects of the post-earthquake reconstruction of damaged towns. The main principles applied in this process were the towns located on/adjacent to the fault with a fragile geology would be relocated; heavily damaged towns some distance from the fault but without landslides/debris flows/significant slope movement would be reconstructed at their original location following strict construction codes. During the process of post-earthquake reconstruction, particular attention should be paid to hidden geological hazards, the variety and interdependency of risk-inducing factors and to long-term safety, etc. The paper discusses the site selection process for the reconstruction of Beichuan City, Qingchuan City and Muyu Town.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0225-y
  • Authors
    • R. Q. Huang, Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu Sichuan China
    • Y. S. Li, Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu Sichuan China
    • W. L. Li, Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu Sichuan China
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Discussion on causes of ground collapse pits in the foothill belt of Longmen Mountain after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake

Online Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 04:22:10 GMT

Abstract  Some 20 days after Wenchuan Earthquake, more than 50 collapse pits occurred successively in Lijiayuanzhi, Sichuan Province, China. This paper considered the possible reasons for the occurrence of this cluster of collapses which occurred in alluvial deposits overlying Jurassic conglomerates with a calcareous cement. It is considered that cavities were formed in the bedrock over geological time and that the sudden vibrations associated with the earthquake may well have caused some further collapse of the conglomerates in the roofs of the cavities. During the aftershocks, which occurred over a period of some 18 days, the overlying alluvium would have suffered cyclic stresses such that it became unstable and collapses occurred. Extrapolation of a previously unmapped fault which experienced a displacement of 6 m indicated it would pass through the area where the collapses occurred.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0223-0
  • Authors
    • X. Yao, Ministry of Land and Mineral Resource Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohzards No. 11, Nationalities University South Road, Haidian District 100081 Beijing China
    • D. G. Wen, Chinese Geological Survey 24 Huangsi Dajie, Xicheng District 100037 Beijing China
    • F. C. Dai, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics No. 19, Beitucheng Western Road, Chaoyang District 100029 Beijing China
    • Y. S. Zhang, Ministry of Land and Mineral Resource Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Key Laboratory of Neotectonic Movement and Geohzards No. 11, Nationalities University South Road, Haidian District 100081 Beijing China
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Engineering geology and stability of the Jishixia landslide, Yellow River, China

Online Date: Sat, 25 Jul 2009 00:29:34 GMT

Abstract  The paper analyzes the characteristics and stability of the Jishixia landslide on the Yellow River in Qinghai Province, China, based on field investigations and various exploratory data. The current stability of the landslide was calculated and the future potential stability was assessed assuming a peak ground acceleration of 0.11g due to an earthquake, and the moisture created by flood discharge from the hydropower station. The results indicate that at present the overall landslide is stable, but further movement could be triggered by an earthquake event and/or significant wetting.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0224-z
  • Authors
    • Fan-yu Zhang, Lanzhou University School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics 730000 Lanzhou China
    • Gao Liu, Lanzhou University School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics 730000 Lanzhou China
    • Wen-wu Chen, Lanzhou University School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics 730000 Lanzhou China
    • Wen-feng Han, Lanzhou University School of Civil Engineering and Mechanics 730000 Lanzhou China
    • Shi-biao Bai, Nanjing Normal University College of Geographic Science 210097 Nanjing China
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A proposed lightweight fill for embankments using cement-treated Yangzi River sand and expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads

Online Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 08:43:59 GMT

Abstract  This paper presents a new kind of material for use in highway embankments in the soft soil of the Yangzi River delta. The experimental study was carried out first to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed material, using different mixtures of river sand, cement and expanded polystyrene beads. This was confirmed by numerical modeling which indicated both its suitability as regards strength and a reduced settlement compared with the general lime stabilized soil embankments. The environmental advantage is that it utilized river sand which has to be removed to retain the profile of the river bed.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0228-8
  • Authors
    • Fei Wang, Southeast University Institute of Geotechnical Engineering 210096 Nanjing Jiangsu China
    • Linchang Miao, Southeast University Institute of Geotechnical Engineering 210096 Nanjing Jiangsu China
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Secondary seismic fractures activated during the Wenchuan earthquake

Online Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 08:43:57 GMT

Abstract  Whilst the Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture is considered to be the primary seismic fracture of the Wenchuan earthquake, surface ruptures, geohazards, abnormal hydrological phenomena and aftershocks occurred not only along this central fracture but also along the so-called “secondary seismic fractures” parallel to it. The paper reports some of the geohazards associated with these secondary seismic fractures and concludes that the contribution of these is important in the overall scale of the effect of the Wenchuan earthquake.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0219-9
  • Authors
    • Yunsheng Wang, State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
    • Yonghong Luo, State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
    • Xiangjun Pei, State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
    • Junfeng Wu, State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
    • Weile Li, State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
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The effect of length to diameter ratio of test specimens on the uniaxial compressive strength of rock

Online Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 08:43:52 GMT

Abstract  One of the parameters which affect the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock materials is the length to diameter ratio (L/D) of test cores. ASTM recommends a ratio of between 2 and 2.5, and ISRM suggests 2.5–3:1. Research has shown that high UCS values are obtained for L/D ratios <2, a very slight difference in values between 2 and 2.5, and they remain effectively constant with a L/D ratio >2.5:1. In this study, the shape effect on the UCS of seven rocks was investigated by testing dry cores with L/D ratios from 1 to 2.5:1. Based on the results, a decrease in UCS with increasing L/D ratios up to 2.5:1 was measured for all the rocks except the tuff. By omitting the data from the tuff sample, a correction formula was determined for the rocks tested in this study and results obtained from the literature. However, further work is required on different types of rock to verify or modify this formula.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0227-9
  • Authors
    • Ergün Tuncay, Hacettepe University Department of Geological Engineering 06800 Beytepe Ankara Turkey
    • Nilsun Hasancebi, Hacettepe University Department of Geological Engineering 06800 Beytepe Ankara Turkey
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Engineering characteristics of a glacio-lacustrine clay deposit in a semi-arid climate

Online Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 08:43:52 GMT

Abstract  Parent material composition, particle disintegration by glaciers and lacustrine environment govern the geological development and engineering characteristics of clay deposits in southern Saskatchewan. The pre-existing expansive clay minerals were preserved due to the restrained leaching in the Regina Lake and the prevalent aridity in the area. The main objective of this paper was to develop a fundamental understanding of the clay deposit for the use in the design and construction of civil infrastructure. The results indicated the presence of expansive clay minerals in the deposit, with smectite accounting for 35% of the material. The major exchangeable cation was found to be Ca2+ which accounted for more than half of the total measured cation exchange capacity of 40 (cmol(+)/kg). The most likely exchange complex governing water adsorption of the clay was determined to be Ca2+-smectite. Alongside a high initial saturation (86%), this complex resulted in moderate volume changes in the clay. The swelling pressure was fully developed within the first hour of the constant volume test. The corrected swelling pressure was determined to be 120 kPa leading to an estimated heave of 36 mm in the surface layer of the deposit. The compression index and the swelling index were found to be 0.25 and 0.08, respectively.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0229-7
  • Authors
    • Maki Ito, University of Regina Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada
    • Shahid Azam, University of Regina Environmental Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 3737 Wascana Parkway Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada
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Impact d’une galerie étanche peu profonde sur l’écoulement d’une nappe

Online Date: Sat, 18 Jul 2009 08:43:43 GMT

Résumé  On étudie la modification de la surface piézométrique d’une nappe, initialement en écoulement uniforme, liée à la présence d’un ouvrage linéaire d’axe horizontal perpendiculaire à la direction de l’écoulement. Pour une nappe captive, on propose des solutions analytiques approchées dans lesquelles la perte de charge supplémentaire introduite par l’ouvrage est proportionnelle au gradient hydraulique régional et fonction du rapport de la dimension de l’ouvrage à l’épaisseur de l’aquifère. Des simulations numériques établissent que, pour un milieu isotrope, la largeur d’influence de l’ouvrage, vers l’amont et l’aval est inférieure à trois fois le diamètre de l’ouvrage. On met en évidence l’importance d’une anisotropie des conductivités hydrauliques horizontale et verticale. Pour une nappe libre et un ouvrage entièrement submergé, une perturbation significative de la position de la surface libre de la nappe n’intervient que pour des valeurs relativement élevées du gradient hydraulique régional et lorsque la crête de l’ouvrage est proche de la surface libre.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0226-x
  • Authors
    • Michel Deveughèle, MINES-ParisTech Centre de Géosciences 35 rue Saint-Honoré 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex France
    • Pierre Zokimila, MINES-ParisTech Centre de Géosciences 35 rue Saint-Honoré 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex France
    • Roger Cojean, MINES-ParisTech Centre de Géosciences 35 rue Saint-Honoré 77305 Fontainebleau Cedex France
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Evaluation of the geology-environmental capacity of buildings based on the ANFIS model of the floor area ratio

Online Date: Sat, 11 Jul 2009 06:47:34 GMT

Abstract  Land subsidence is a common geological hazard. The long-term accumulation of land subsidence in Shanghai has caused economic loss to the city. Since the 1990s, engineering structures have become a new cause of land subsidence. The concept of the geology-environmental capacity of buildings is put forward. The main factors involved in land subsidence were determined and related to the floor area ratio. The relationship was assessed using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for four typical regions in Shanghai, in order to give some guidance in respect of urban planning.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0220-3
  • Authors
    • Zhen-Dong Cui, Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey 200072 Shanghai People’s Republic of China
    • Yi-Qun Tang, Tongji University Department of Geotechnical Engineering 200092 Shanghai People’s Republic of China
    • Xue-Xin Yan, Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey 200072 Shanghai People’s Republic of China
    • Chun-Ling Yan, Tongji University Department of Geotechnical Engineering 200092 Shanghai People’s Republic of China
    • Han-Mei Wang, Shanghai Institute of Geological Survey 200072 Shanghai People’s Republic of China
    • Jian-Xiu Wang, Tongji University Department of Geotechnical Engineering 200092 Shanghai People’s Republic of China
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Performance and analysis of pumping tests in a gravel formation

Online Date: Thu, 09 Jul 2009 12:15:49 GMT

Abstract  Two single-well and group-well pumping tests in the gravel formation of the Taipei basin were conducted to investigate the hydraulic parameters of the gravel formation and to understand the characteristics of the drawdown at both the construction and remote sites. As the base of the gravel formation at the construction site was unknown, the wells were assumed to be partial penetration wells. A simple method was developed to derive the hydraulic parameters from the pumping test results, taking into account the site-specific influencing factors. The parameters obtained were verified by the group-well pumping test results.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0218-x
  • Authors
    • Chang-Yu Ou, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Department of Construction Engineering 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd. Taipei 10672 Taiwan
    • Shih-Hsin Chen, Lan Yang Institute of Technology Department of Computer Application Engineering 79, Fu Shin Rd, Tou Chen Yilan 261 Taiwan
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Determining areas of leakage in the Da Ye Dam using multi-electrode resistivity

Online Date: Thu, 09 Jul 2009 12:15:48 GMT

Abstract  The paper describes a multi-electrode resistivity survey in the area of the Da Ye Dam in Shan Dong Province, China, undertaken to elucidate the most likely zones of observed/potential leakage. Two profiles were established, which indicated the presence of four faults and a karstic zone in the limestone bedrock. Where previous grouting had been undertaken, the rocks appeared more homogeneous. The study concluded that this is a useful technique which can realistically indicate potential zones of water leakage. Such geophysical profiles can assist in the targeting of intrusive investigations and/or remedial measures.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0222-1
  • Authors
    • Qingyun Di, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics P.O.Box 9825 Beijing 100029 China
    • Miaoyue Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geology and Geophysics P.O.Box 9825 Beijing 100029 China
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Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake, Sichuan Province, south west China

Online Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2009 07:07:20 GMT

Abstract  At 14:28 (Beijing time) on 12 May 2008, the catastrophic Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake occurred just west of the Sichuan basin, China, causing severe damage and numerous casualties. It also triggered a large number of landslides, rock avalanches, debris flows etc. Some of the landslides formed natural dams in the rivers, with the potential secondary hazard of subsequent flooding. Through the interpretation of a series of aerial photographs and satellite images, 256 landslide dams were identified, although because of limited access, relatively detailed data were available for only 32. The paper presents statistical analyzes of the distribution, classification, characteristics, and hazard evaluation of these 32 dams. A case study of the 2.04 × 107 m3 Tangjiashan landslide dam and the emergency mitigation measures undertaken is discussed.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0214-1
  • Authors
    • Qiang Xu, Chengdu University of Technology The State Key Laboratory of Geohazards Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu Sichuan China
    • Xuan-Mei Fan, Chengdu University of Technology The State Key Laboratory of Geohazards Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu Sichuan China
    • Run-Qiu Huang, Chengdu University of Technology The State Key Laboratory of Geohazards Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu Sichuan China
    • Cee Van Westen, Chengdu University of Technology The State Key Laboratory of Geohazards Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu Sichuan China
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Core size and time effects on water absorption values of rock and cement mortar samples

Online Date: Sat, 30 May 2009 08:21:37 GMT

Abstract  There is no standard size for samples used to establish water absorption (WA) by weight and volume. A total of 150 samples with five different diameters (54, 48, 42, 30 and 21 mm) were cored from sandstone, limestone and cement mortar with a length:diameter ratio between 2.0 and 2.5. The laboratory experiments were continued for 90 days, although some samples reached their maximum absorption at 43 and 60 days. The study has shown that WA values vary significantly with sample dimension and time. NX (54 mm) cores had the lowest WA values while 21 and 30 mm diameter cores gave the highest WA values. The difference between 24-h and 90-day WA values was greatest for the 21 mm cores.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0215-0
  • Authors
    • İbrahim Çobanoğlu, Pamukkale University Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 20017 Denizli Turkey
    • Sefer Beran Çelik, Pamukkale University Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 20017 Denizli Turkey
    • İsmail Dinçer, Adıyaman University Vocational High School 02040 Adıyaman Turkey
    • Devrim Alkaya, Pamukkale University Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering 20017 Denizli Turkey
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Non-destructive testing of some Higher Himalayan Rocks in the Satluj Valley

Online Date: Sat, 30 May 2009 08:21:37 GMT

Abstract  Satluj valley, located in the Higher Himalaya, is undergoing rapid development, mainly because of its high hydropower potential. The paper reports a study to determine whether the engineering properties of the granites, gneisses, quartzites and marbles encountered in the higher Himalayan terrain in the Satluj valley can realistically be determined using the Schmidt hammer and ultrasonic velocity. The results indicate a positive correlation for the granites, quartzites and marbles, but not for the folded, anisotropic gneisses.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0211-4
  • Authors
    • Vikram Gupta, Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Geotechnical Laboratory Dehra Dun 248001 India
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Hydrogeophysical study of the El Qaa Plain, Sinai, Egypt

Online Date: Wed, 27 May 2009 06:04:34 GMT

Abstract  The paper reports a study of the Quaternary aquifer in the El Qaa Plain using gravity, magnetic and geoelectric surveys. One hundred and twelve gravity and magnetic stations were measured and interpreted. The area is dissected by faults with orientations consistent with the Gulfs of Suez and Aqaba and the Nile valley. Groundwater data indicated an E–W flow and an increase in salinity toward the Gulf of Suez. The Piper diagram indicates that the water type of the El Qaa plain is Na–Ca–Cl–SO4 and the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer 50 m/day. The calculated effective porosity is about 43.1%.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0216-z
  • Authors
    • Sultan Awad Sultan, National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics Helwan Cairo 11722 Egypt
    • Mahmoud Ismail Mohameden, National Institute of Oceanography and Fishers Alexandria Egypt
    • Fernando M. Santos, University of Lisbon CGUL-IDL Lisbon Portugal
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Analysis of the geo-hazards triggered by the 12 May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China

Online Date: Wed, 27 May 2009 06:04:33 GMT

Abstract  The Wenchuan Earthquake on 12 May 2008 triggered a large number of geo-hazards including landslides, slope collapses and debris flows. Field investigations and remote-sensing interpretation identified 11,308 geo-hazards in 16 seriously damaged counties in Sichuan Province, south west China. The paper reports an analysis of the distribution of these geo-hazards, particularly the earthquake-triggered landslides. Not surprisingly, the most significant geo-hazards were related to the main fault and on the hanging-wall side, although some occurred in deeply incised river gorges further away from the main rupture zone. Due to the high seismic intensity of the earthquake, most of the large landslides moved at high speed and for considerable distances.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0207-0
  • Authors
    • R. Q. Huang, Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
    • W. L. Li, Chengdu University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection 610059 Chengdu China
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Analyse du comportement d’un sol argileux sous sollicitations hydriques cycliques

Online Date: Sat, 09 May 2009 05:47:41 GMT

Résumé  Une étude expérimentale des cycles de drainage-humidification a été réalisée sur les Argiles vertes de Romainville du bassin de Paris, afin de caractériser leur aptitude au retrait-gonflement par l’analyse de courbes de rétention, par la mesure de paramètres mécaniques (pression et taux de gonflement), et par une étude microstructurale (MEB, porosimétrie). Les résultats expérimentaux montrent que les déformations volumiques les plus grandes se produisent dans le domaine où le potentiel de l’eau est inférieur à 15 MPa, avec des valeurs de pression et de taux de gonflement élevées. Par ailleurs, au cours des cycles successifs de sollicitations hydriques, alors que les échantillons présentent une augmentation du taux de gonflement cumulé, une stabilisation des déformations de gonflement s’amorce à partir du troisième cycle, en rapport avec une réorganisation de la microstructure du sol mise en évidence par l’analyse microstructurale. Enfin, l’étude menée sur la prévision du taux et de la pression de gonflement montre que les modèles de prévision ne sont pas systématiquement applicables à tous les sols.

  • Content Type Journal Article
  • Category Original Paper
  • DOI 10.1007/s10064-009-0203-4
  • Authors
    • Geremew Zemenu, Mines ParisTech, Centre de Géosciences 35, rue Saint-Honoré 77305 Fontainebleau France
    • Audiguier Martine, Mines ParisTech, Centre de Géosciences 35, rue Saint-Honoré 77305 Fontainebleau France
    • Cojean Roger, Mines ParisTech, Centre de Géosciences 35, rue Saint-Honoré 77305 Fontainebleau France
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